auf deutsch
All data were generated with R Stylo.
See: 
auf deutsch
All data were generated with R Stylo.
See:
Rolling delta is a feature of the program suite R Stylo, which is very helpful in questions of authorship of plays or in collaborations. The delta values of the text in question are compared with those of suitable reference texts. The lowest values indicate the smallest difference in style. Introduced by Burrows in 2002 for whole texts, rolling delta examines a word window of a certain size and then moves to the next word window. In this way, the whole text is traversed, and the lowest values result in a curve that belongs to the author or authors who wrote the play provided that the correct reference texts have been used. In order not to be subject to a random compilation here, a totality of 110 single-authored and well-attributed reference texts were used, so that the calculation of the lowest delta values gained in objectivity. The graph below shows the measurements of the relative frequencies of character trigrams for a 5000-letter window that goes through the entire text with an overlap of 250 words. Each window measurement (column A) shows in the adjacent columns from B to O the delta values of the corresponding reference texts which, due to the small stylistic difference, can be considered as authors, while all other reference texts with no suitable delta values at all were eliminated with their delta values. The lowest delta values per measurement are recorded in green, the second-lowest in yellow, followed by those in red. In his 1922 thesis, Baldwin Maxwell reports on the anonymous comedy Wily Beguiled, which was entered in the Stationer’s Register on 12 November 1606. He records that most critics, however, assume an earlier date of origin and refers to a possible connection with Wylie Beguylie, which was performed at Merton College, Oxford, in 1566/7. He also sees references to the Parnassus Plays, which were performed in Cambridge around 1600, as well as to other plays of this period. On the dating of the comedy, set by Malone at 1596 because Thomas Nashe had spoken of "[the] tricke of Wily Beguily" in Have With You to Saffron Walden, he arrives at Fleay's observation that Romeo and Juliet and The Merchant of Venice were clearly parodied, but not Shakespeare's later plays. Hales and Nicholson would have argued for "in or after 1601", citing the heated dispute between Ben Jonson and his fellow playwrights as the reason. Maxwell finds allusions to Jonson in the text, especially his plays Cynthia's Revels and Poetaster, which supports the latter dates, since Cynthia's Revels was performed in the autumn of 1600 and Poetaster in 1601. Through the attribution of authorship by critics (Bernardi → Shakespeare, Dyce, Fleay, Penniman, Gause → Peele) and his own investigations of alliteration and the quality of Latin phrases, Maxwell finally arrives at Marston, who was at odds with Jonson at this time. But: ”The verse of Wily is most obviously not the verse of Marston ; it is far more lyric and full of more elaborate conceits.” Another of Maxwell's areas of investigation is comedy, which he traces back to Gammer Gurton's Needle, among others, leading him to conclude that Wily Beguiled is a reworking of an earlier comedy, as indicated by patchwork passages in which an editor retained or only slightly altered the original text, but also added lines to make improvements. If the non-preserved text of Wylie Beguylie (1566/7) is the source text, it should have contained many Italian elements, according to Maxwell, for the conventional characters of Wily Beguiled also have the pedant, the nurse, the parasite and the disguised villain. Considering the Rolling Delta and Rolling Classify results under these auspices, a perspective gains weight according to which John Lyly could have done a reworking of Wylie Beguylie, which in turn was revised by Thomas Dekker and by John Marston, who was also involved in the Parnassus Plays.
